\contentsline {chapter}{摘要}{III}{section*.1}
\contentsline {chapter}{Abstract}{V}{section*.3}
\contentsline {chapter}{目录}{VII}{section*.5}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}绪论}{1}{chapter.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}研究的背景和意义}{1}{section.1.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}国内外研究概况}{1}{section.1.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.1}驾驶人行为特性研究}{2}{subsection.1.2.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.2.1.1}不同道路条件下的驾驶人行为特性}{2}{subsubsection.1.2.1.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.2.1.2}不同属性驾驶人的行为特性}{2}{subsubsection.1.2.1.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.2}驾驶行为建模}{2}{subsection.1.2.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.2.2.1}微观交通流模型}{3}{subsubsection.1.2.2.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.2.2.2}基于驾驶人认知与决策的模型}{3}{subsubsection.1.2.2.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.3}驾驶人行为与交通流关系研究}{3}{subsection.1.2.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.4}国内外研究总结}{4}{subsection.1.2.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}研究内容和论文框架}{4}{section.1.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.1}论文依托}{4}{subsection.1.3.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.2}研究思路和技术路线图}{4}{subsection.1.3.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.3}研究内容}{4}{subsection.1.3.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}论文框架}{5}{section.1.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.5}本章小结}{6}{section.1.5}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}驾驶人行为特性的含义}{7}{chapter.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}驾驶人行为在出行行为层次中的位置}{7}{section.2.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}驾驶人行为的过程}{8}{section.2.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}跟驰行为特性}{8}{section.2.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.1}跟驰行为特性参数}{8}{subsection.2.3.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.3.1.1}速度}{9}{subsubsection.2.3.1.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.3.1.2}加速度}{9}{subsubsection.2.3.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.3.1.3}相对速度}{9}{subsubsection.2.3.1.3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.3.1.4}跟驰距离与车头间距}{9}{subsubsection.2.3.1.4}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.3.1.5}时间间隔与车头时距}{9}{subsubsection.2.3.1.5}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.3.1.6}反应时间}{9}{subsubsection.2.3.1.6}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.3.1.7}期望参数}{9}{subsubsection.2.3.1.7}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.2}跟驰行为的一般模型}{10}{subsection.2.3.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.3.2.1}刺激反应模型}{10}{subsubsection.2.3.2.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.3.2.2}期望参数模型}{10}{subsubsection.2.3.2.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.3.2.3}优化速度模型}{11}{subsubsection.2.3.2.3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.3.2.4}安全距离模型}{11}{subsubsection.2.3.2.4}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.3.2.5}IDM模型}{12}{subsubsection.2.3.2.5}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.3.2.6}各类跟驰模型中对驾驶人行为假设的总结}{12}{subsubsection.2.3.2.6}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}变道行为特性}{12}{section.2.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.1}变道行为特性参数}{12}{subsection.2.4.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.4.1.1}车道属性}{13}{subsubsection.2.4.1.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.4.1.2}邻车速度}{13}{subsubsection.2.4.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.4.1.3}间隙}{13}{subsubsection.2.4.1.3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.4.1.4}最小接受间隙}{13}{subsubsection.2.4.1.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.2}变道行为的一般模型}{13}{subsection.2.4.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.4.2.1}车道选择模型}{13}{subsubsection.2.4.2.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.4.2.2}间隙接受模型}{15}{subsubsection.2.4.2.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.5}驾驶人行为的差异性}{16}{section.2.5}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.6}本文关注的驾驶人行为特性}{16}{section.2.6}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.6.1}速度-跟驰距离特性}{16}{subsection.2.6.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.6.2}加速度-相对运动关系特性}{16}{subsection.2.6.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.7}本章小结}{17}{section.2.7}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}驾驶人行为特性实验}{19}{chapter.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}实验设计}{19}{section.3.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.1}硬件组成设备}{19}{subsection.3.1.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.1.1.1}激光测距基本原理}{20}{subsubsection.3.1.1.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.1.1.2}GPS卫星定位系统基本原理}{20}{subsubsection.3.1.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.1.1.3}设备安装}{21}{subsubsection.3.1.1.3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.1.1.4}车载激光测距测速系统的工作流程}{21}{subsubsection.3.1.1.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.2}数据采集软件}{22}{subsection.3.1.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}实验与数据采集}{23}{section.3.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}实验对象}{23}{subsection.3.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}实验路线}{23}{subsection.3.2.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.3}实验条件}{23}{subsection.3.2.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.4}实验过程}{23}{subsection.3.2.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}本章小结}{24}{section.3.3}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}驾驶人行为特性的差异性分析}{25}{chapter.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}数据处理}{25}{section.4.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.1}数据基本情况}{25}{subsection.4.1.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.1.1.1}驾驶人构成}{25}{subsubsection.4.1.1.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.1.1.2}数据的基本情况}{25}{subsubsection.4.1.1.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.2}数据处理}{26}{subsection.4.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.1.2.1}局部加权回归}{28}{subsubsection.4.1.2.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.1.2.2}处理结果}{29}{subsubsection.4.1.2.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}跟驰行为特性的集计分析}{29}{section.4.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}自由行驶与跟驰的临界点}{30}{subsection.4.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}稳定状态下跟驰距离与速度的关系}{31}{subsection.4.2.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}加速度与车辆相互运动的关系}{32}{subsection.4.2.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.4}集计分析小结}{34}{subsection.4.2.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}跟驰模型参数标定}{34}{section.4.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.1}标定方法框架}{34}{subsection.4.3.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.2}跟驰模型}{35}{subsection.4.3.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.3}目标函数}{35}{subsection.4.3.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.4}优化算法与搜索范围}{36}{subsection.4.3.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.5}轨迹数据与标定结果}{36}{subsection.4.3.5}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.6}所得估计参数的可靠程度}{36}{subsection.4.3.6}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.7}Bootstrap与置信区间估计}{37}{subsection.4.3.7}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}本章小结}{41}{section.4.4}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}驾驶人行为特性对交通流影响}{43}{chapter.5}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}研究方法}{43}{section.5.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1.1}模拟软件SUMO简介}{43}{subsection.5.1.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1.2}模拟研究的有效性}{44}{subsection.5.1.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1.3}模拟场景}{44}{subsection.5.1.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1.4}评价指标}{45}{subsection.5.1.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}三相交通流理论简介}{46}{section.5.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.1}三个相位}{46}{subsection.5.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.2}相位转换}{46}{subsection.5.2.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.3}无数个通行能力和J线的含义}{47}{subsection.5.2.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}驾驶人行为特性对交通流效率性的影响}{48}{section.5.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3.1}期望速度影响因素}{48}{subsection.5.3.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3.2}最大减速度影响因素}{50}{subsection.5.3.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3.3}混合影响因素}{53}{subsection.5.3.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}驾驶人行为特性对交通流安全性的影响}{56}{section.5.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.1}期望速度影响因素}{56}{subsection.5.4.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.2}最大减速度影响因素}{57}{subsection.5.4.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.3}混合影响因素}{58}{subsection.5.4.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}本章小结}{60}{section.5.5}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}结论与展望}{61}{chapter.6}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}主要成果和结论}{61}{section.6.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1.1}研究方法}{61}{subsection.6.1.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1.2}关于驾驶人行为特性的发现}{61}{subsection.6.1.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1.3}驾驶人行为特性对交通流的影响}{61}{subsection.6.1.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}研究展望}{62}{section.6.2}
\contentsline {chapter}{致谢}{63}{section*.62}
\contentsline {chapter}{参考文献}{65}{chapter*.64}
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\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {A}受调查驾驶人基本情况}{71}{appendix.A}
\contentsline {chapter}{作者简介}{73}{section*.66}
\contentsfinish 
